Self-employed creatives
How many creatives are self-employed in Pennsylvania?
Pennsylvania had 68,386 creative businesses with no employees in 2024, across seven creative industries in Census Nonemployer Statistics. That ranks 7th of the 50 states and DC and is 3.2% of the US total. 37,197 of them were independent artists, writers and performers.
- 68,386creative nonemployer businesses, 2024
- 3.2%of the US total
- $29,910average receipts per business
- 7th of 51the 50 states and DC, by count
Which kinds of creative work do the self-employed in Pennsylvania do?
Pennsylvania's mix of creative work is close to the national one; no group's share is more than 15% above its US share.
| Independent artists, writers and performers | 37,197 | 54.4% | 52% | 6th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photographers | 8,132 | 11.9% | 11.4% | 6th |
| Specialised design | 8,284 | 12.1% | 13.3% | 9th |
| Film and video | 3,240 | 4.7% | 6.2% | 8th |
| Sound recording | 1,232 | 1.8% | 2.1% | 8th |
| Performing arts companies | 3,654 | 5.3% | 4.8% | 7th |
| Advertising and PR | 6,647 | 9.7% | 10.3% | 8th |
Independent artists, writers and performers, and photographers, are exactly those industries. The other five are the narrowest groups Census publishes that contain the creative work, so they include some non-creative businesses.
How much do self-employed creatives in Pennsylvania take in?
Together they reported $2.05 billion in receipts, an average of $29,910 per business, below the US average of $37,340. Advertising and PR average the most, $56,905 each. Receipts are takings before costs, not profit.
| Independent artists, writers and performers | $837.8 million | $22,523 |
|---|---|---|
| Photographers | $226.4 million | $27,842 |
| Specialised design | $365.2 million | $44,086 |
| Film and video | $118.7 million | $36,631 |
| Sound recording | $29.4 million | $23,888 |
| Performing arts companies | $89.6 million | $24,533 |
| Advertising and PR | $378.2 million | $56,905 |
How does Pennsylvania compare with its neighbours?
New York has more; the rest have fewer.
| Delaware | 5,658 | 2,871 | $86,418 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland | 39,414 | 21,592 | $28,038 |
| New Jersey | 59,537 | 29,775 | $42,217 |
| New York | 194,888 | 110,871 | $46,700 |
| Ohio | 57,974 | 30,057 | $27,170 |
| West Virginia | 5,525 | 3,063 | $23,607 |
Questions
How many self-employed artists and writers are there in Pennsylvania?
37,197 businesses with no employees were classed as independent artists, writers and performers in Pennsylvania in 2024 (Census Nonemployer Statistics, NAICS 711510). They reported $837.8 million in receipts.
How many self-employed photographers are there in Pennsylvania?
8,132 photography businesses with no employees in 2024.
What counts as a nonemployer business?
A business with no paid employees, at least $1,000 a year in receipts, that files federal income tax: mostly sole proprietors. A side business counts the same as a full-time one.
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Where do these numbers come from?
U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, 2024 state files (the latest year published), all legal forms.
n = 68,386 businesses in Pennsylvania. Last updated 2 October 2026.
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- All three sources (JSON) The Census series and receipt bands, the BLS self-employment shares by occupation and the UK DCMS figures.
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Other states
- California 328,340
- New York 194,888
- Texas 164,192
- Florida 156,918
- Illinois 73,202
- Georgia 72,540
- North Carolina 62,151
- New Jersey 59,537
- Ohio 57,974
- Tennessee 55,922
- Michigan 53,335
- Virginia 50,034
- Washington 49,873
- Massachusetts 49,726
- Colorado 49,632